The Development of Indian-EuroAmerican Relations from Contact to Essay

The Development of Indian-EuroAmerican Relations from Contact to Removal - Essay Example This relationship has reliably been damaged by viciousness, broken guarantees and doubt, and stays a key piece of the American history. Early Indian-EuroAmerican relations were an ever-changing and including zone, where observations on the two sides were not static. Indians had the capacity to set up various European forces to contend with one another, and, moreover, the Europeans did this with various Indian clans. Right now, the two gatherings existed in a ceaselessly spinning relationship. A few clans got roaming, exploiting the recently presented ponies, while others settled down into lasting towns and utilized farming enhanced by chasing and assembling. Indeed, even before the principal contact with the Europeans, Indians spoke to a differing set of clans that had their own advantages, pursued their own wars and framed their own collusions. When the contact had happened, Indians frequently invited collusions with the Europeans, or purchased weapons and products that made their l ives simpler (Howe 26-28). Relations among Indians and Europeans were defaced by a noteworthy impact that the Europeans had on their populace. As the Europeans interacted with Indians, they regularly passed on ailments which they (Europeans) had protection from, yet the Indians didn't. When all is said in done, this transference was not purposeful, and by and large the Europeans were most likely not mindful that they had the infections, as their resistant frameworks battled against the impacts. These infections brought about a high number of fatalities (Howe 28). Now in Indian-EuroAmerican relations, there was a solid spotlight on incorporating the two social gatherings by ‘westernizing’ the Indians. Numerous Indian clans embraced parts of the European culture and frequently picked which segments of the new culture to acknowledge and which to overlook. For instance, the Navajo clan moved from being travelers to weavers, sheepherders and silversmiths. Numerous different clans or people changed over to Christianity while others kept up their conventional strict convictions. Some accepted that they ought to bind together with the Europeans, making a quiet conjunction all through the United States. Others felt that Indian clans ought to bring together with each other against the Europeans (Howe 27). A few clans made partnerships and arrangements with the Europeans to make sure about their own ancestral rights and to take a shot at the production of a brought together culture. One case of this is the Muskogee clan, referred to the Europeans as the Creek Indians. The clan haggled with George Washington’s organization to make an arrangement, and built up a lawful composed code and national gathering. Notwithstanding, the impact of the Europeans on this clan was not uniform, and a nonconformist group called â€Å"Red Stick† emerged, which disdained the impact that Europeans were having on their way of life. The uprising was not effective and brought about a lot of slaughter (Howe 28-29). The war between the United States and Britain in 1812 likewise significantly affected Indian-EuroAmerican relations. In spite of the way that a few clans endeavored to pick nonpartisanship in the war, most were constrained to decide to help some side. This brought about numerous Indians battling nearby either Americans or Europeans against Indian families or companions (Howe 29). This was a significant factor after the war as well, in light of the fact that numerous Indians battled on the losing

flagburning essays

flagburning papers IS FLAG BURNING PROTECTED BY THE FIRST AMENDMENT? In the event that a jolt consumes a banner, America isn't undermined. On the off chance that a snap consumes a banner, majority rules system isn't under attack. In the event that a twitch consumes a banner, opportunity isn't in danger and we are not compromised. My partners, we are irritated; and to change our Constitution since somebody insults us is, in itself, unconscionable, It has been held by the United States Supreme Court that consuming an American banner as methods for articulation or quiet political dissent is a demonstration that is completely secured under the principal alteration. Government doesn't have the ability to disallow banner consuming basically in light of the fact that they, or any other individual, may think that its hostile. Be that as it may, different laws or statutes, for example, pyromania laws or rules administering the utilization of fire out in the open spots may at present be relevant. In 1989, a man by the name of Gregory Lee Johnson was dynamic in a political dissent. At the point when the exhibit was finished, Johnson put a match to and consumed the United States banner before the Dallas City Hall. Encompassing dissenters recited America, the red, white, and blue, we spit on you. While watching the banner go up on fire. Katsh 128 Johnson was captured for abusing a Texas banner profaning rule. He was indicted, condemned, and fined. The court of claims for the Fifth District of Texas maintained the conviction. The Texas Supreme Court of Criminal Appeals, nonetheless, turned around the choice holding that the conviction disregarded Johnson's privileges ensured under the primary revision. At the point when the case made it to the United States Supreme Court, it was concluded that such a rule abused the main revision, and that Johnson had for sure been wrongly indicted. Preeminent Court Justice William Brennan expressed that enthusiasm for protecting the banner as an image of nationhood and national solidarity [does not] legitimize his criminal con ... <!

The United Nations Organization Essay Example for Free

The United Nations Organization Essay The United Nations Organization rose out of the remains of the Second World War. Its antecedent, the League of Nations which was made out of the emergencies of the World War I, clearly neglected to forestall the event of another overall military emergency. In the preface to the Charter of the United Nations, its initially expressed target is to â€Å"to spare succeeding ages from the scourge of war, which twice in the course of our life has carried untold distress to humankind †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Charter). Shockingly, the word â€Å"peacekeeping† doesn't show up anyplace in the Charter of new association. It, be that as it may, turned out to be extremely obvious that all together for the United Natons to complete its first goal of sparing mankind from the scourge of war, peacekeeping would be essential. Since its first peacekeeping strategic 1948, the targets of peackeeping have developed and have now and again been characterized by the contentions (Peacekeeping). â€Å"Although the military remain the foundation of most peacekeeping tasks, the numerous essences of peacekeeping currently incorporate managers and financial specialists, cops and lawful specialists, de-diggers and appointive spectators, human rights screens and masters in common undertakings and administration, compassionate laborers and specialists in interchanges and open information† (Peacekeeping). Given the applied assorted variety of peacekeeping, any estimation of operational achievement must return to the Charter to check whether the exercises of the United Nations Peacekeeping Mission has added to the avoidance of the scouge of war and its insurance impacts. In this paper, two instances of the U. N. Peackeeing exercises, one each in Europe and Africa, would be analyzed concerning the principal expressed goal in the introduction to decide the disappointment or accomplishment of peacekeeping activities. Above all else, the significant qualification between harmony making and peacekeeping must be made. Harmony making is the way toward settling outfitted clashes between countries or inside a country. The United Nations constrained in its capacity to act on account of the standard of regional power. â€Å"During a great part of the virus war †¦ most non-Western nations raised the flag of state sovereignity to shield themselves from the undesirable impedance of bigger states, and the United Nations over and again maintained this rule in Security Council resolution† (Holmes, 1993). This keeping the United Nations from engaging in inside clashes. Then again, the United Nationns just harmony putting forth attempts were constrained to discretion, a procedure that didn't appy in intra-country clashes. Above all, the United Nations doesn't have a standing military to implement harmony. As an outcome, the United Nations Peacekeeping Force didn't engage in compromises or making harmony. This was left to the Security Council. When, through diplomtic endeavors, members in an equipped clash arrive at terms of harmony, at that point the United Nations Peacekeeping Force moves in to screen and not authorize the harmony. Indeed, even with the finish of the Cold War and the U. N. engaging in settling intra-country clashes, its Peackeeping Force is as yet an observing power. â€Å"The end of the Cold War has carried numerous progressions to the field of United Nations peacekeeping. In any case, the vast majority of the progressions have been changes in size and quantitymore activities and greater operationsrather than various kinds of operations† (Gibson, 1998). Any proportion of the accomplishment of the United Nations Peacekeeping Forces must be deciphered considering its constraints and goals. As the Soviet Union disintegrated, old ethnic competitions were resuscitated as country states shaped along ethnic lines in Eastern Europe. This was absolutely the situation in the disintegration of Yugoslavia. The uniqueness of the Yugoslavian circumstance was that Yugoslavia had stopped to exist as a country. So the issue of regional sway couldn't be guaranteed since there was no administration with a perceived region. In 1991, Croatia and Slovenia split away from the remainder of the nation and announced freedom. The disintegration of Yugoslavia had started. The Serbian-controlled government upheld the Serbs in Croatia who restricted Croatia’s freedom. This brought about a common war which was additionally a war of autonomy. Authorizations and discretion achieved a truce. The United Nations sent in a peacekeeping power with the order to guarantee that the general public didn't move into all out political agitation and that the conditions for harmony were set up. The United Nations Protection Force or UNROFOR, as the peacekeeping power was called, was sent into Croatia in 1992. While UNPROFOR was in Croatia, a few slaughters happened. UNPROFOR was positioned in Croatia in light of the fact that the Croats were off guard against the Serbian controlled military of the previous Yugoslavia. However, the Serbian military slaughtered numerous Croat regular people and forestalled helpful guide to Croatia in 1993. Passings were expanded by uncaring conditions made by the Serbs (UNROFOR, 1996). Joined Nations passed Resolution 819 which made Srebrenica a United Nations â€Å"Sate Area†. This implied any assault on Srebrenica would be an assault on the United Nations. The Security Council passed another goals, Resolution 836, to stretch out this command to UNROFOR itself. Shockingly, UNROFOR was inadequately prepared and its non-battle order didn't permit it to keep the Bosnian powers from utilizing Srebrenica as the organizing reason for against Serbian assaults. The assaults from Srebrenica incensed the Serbs and they reacted by assaulting UNPROFOR and discouraging helpful guide into Srebrenica. When the United Nations powers can't secure themselves, how might they ensure even less unarmed regular folks? The circumstance disintegrated in 1993 when war broke out between the Bosnians and the Croats. Serbs and Bosnians were in Ahmici were slaughtered (UNROFOR, 1996). The circumstance had disintegrated to where one group’s monstrosities were met by abominations by from the other gathering. The United Nations Peacekeeping Forces in the previous Yugoslavia were totally inadequate to where their tasks were constrained to United Nations Save Areas. It took a danger from the Croatian Government to get the Security Council to change the command of UNPROFOR to incorporate military activity (UNROFOR, 1996). In 1994, additional barbarities happened while UNROFOR was available. The Serbs assaulted Gorazde, a United Nations Safe Area, and many regular folks were murdered. NATO besieged Serb positions and the Serbs caught UNPROFOR staff and utilized them as human shields, putting them in areas that they NATO might bomb. Regardless of what standard of estimation is utilized, it tends to be said that the United Nations peacekeeping endeavors in the previous Yugoslavia was a terrible disappointment. UNPROFOR flopped in its strategic ensure the Serbs, Bosnians, and Croats from the scourge of war. Truly, UNROFOR couldn't shield itself from the scourge of war. In this circumstance, peacekeeping flopped by any measurement. Think about another case in Africa. Destruction in Rwanda has been performed in the film Hotel Rwanda. A considerable lot of the most noticeably awful mass homicides happened while the United Nations had peacekeepers on the ground. To start with, let us get some foundation data. Common war broke out in Rwanda in 1990. The gatherings were the Hut-commanded government and the resistance Tutsi-drove Rwandese Patriotic Front or the RPF (Rwanda, 2001). The United Nations engaged in this field around three years after the war started. In line with the administrations of Rwanda and Uganda, the United Nations sent military onlookers in the fringe territory between the two nations. The power was called United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda or UNAMIR. As indicated by the United Nations own site, â€Å"UNAMIRs command was: to help with guaranteeing the security of the capital city of Kigali; screen the truce understanding, including foundation of an extended neutral ground and deactivation strategies; screen the security circumstance during the last time of the transitional Governments order paving the way to decisions; help with mine-freedom; and aid the coordination of philanthropic help exercises related to alleviation operations† (Rwanda, 2001). The United Nations powers were in Rwanda when almost one million individuals were slaughtered by the administration bolstered Hutu powers. The passings are evaluated to be between 500,000 to one million (Des Forges, 1999). This happened inside an extremely concise period, April to July. How did this occur? The impetus for the slaughter was the passings of the leaders of Rwanda and Burundi in a plane that was shot down as it going to land in Kigali, the Rwandan capital. The accident was accused on Tutsi-drove RPF (Des Forges, 1999). The following day, the spouse of the Rwandan president was killed and the ten UNAMIR officers that were securing were discovered dead. Hutu state armies and the military went on a homicide gorge, murdering each Tutsi that could discovered paying little heed to age, sex, or political association. The world couldn't have been uninformed about these outrages. As the circumstance weakened in Kigali, western nations cleared their residents and left the Tutsi to fight for themselves. Mass assaults, mutilations, and murders immediately spread across the country. UNAMIR was incapable to react at the beginning of the massacre in light of obstruction by individuals from the Security Council. UNAMIR bombed in each regard to meet its own command. There was no money to make sure about, no harmony consent to screen, and no security circumstance by any means. The western countries would not like to engage in Rwanda primarily in light of the fact that it was not well known with their legislatures for their residents to put in hurts path in Africa. Joined Nations Peacekeeping exercises must be me

Critical thinking Essay Example for Free

Basic reasoning Essay In scholarly composition, a contention is generally a fundamental thought, regularly called a â€Å"claim† or â€Å"thesis statement,† upheld up with proof that bolsters the thought. In most school papers, one needs to make a type of guarantee and use proof to help it. One’s capacity to do this will isolate a decent paper from different papers. We use contention in regular daily existence to persuade someone regarding my thoughts or assessment, persuade our instructors we merit a superior evaluation. A superior contention is cultivated if no feeling is included. One part of contention is rationale. Cases are proclamations about what is valid or acceptable or about what ought to be done or accepted. Cases are possibly doubtful. For instance, late tax breaks ought to be relinquished another is the common war is brought about by subjugation. In making a contention one must utilize motivation to help the case. Reason is an explanation that bolsters a given case or at the end of the day â€Å"why do you say that claim?† support is the proof that we use; one case of proof is measurements. When making a contention we should make sure to utilize warrants which is impacts or presumptions that associate the help to the case. A significant part when making a contention is to gone over to the crowd as a believable speaker or arguer that has adequate proof, that the proof depends on examine or insightful articles. It is critical to likewise recollect that each contention has a counterargument. Which the contention additionally intriguing and furthermore solid its not one that everybody concurs with.

Handyside v United Kingdom - Free Essay Example

Title: Freedom of expression constitutes one of the essential foundations of a [democratic]society[It]is applicable not only to information or ideas that are favourably received or regarded as inoffensive or as a matter of indifference, but also to those that offend, shock or disturb the state or any sector of the population. Handyside v United Kingdom Essay on Freedom of Expression The case of Handyside v United Kingdom (1979) is a prime example of the competing issues faced by the Courts when deciding whether or not to allow an individual to freely exercise his freedom of expression, or to permit the laws of the land to curtail the same. Any discourse about freedom of expression however, must first include a brief insight into the history of this right, which is a cornerstone of a democratic society. In the English constitutional system, the laws are passed by Parliament, which is regarded as supreme[i]. Despite the importance with which the fundamental right to freedom of expression is revered in the UK, the Legislator has had to act to occasionally curtail this right to ensure the just and fair administration of society. Freedom of expression encompasses more than just oral expression. It has been defined as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.this right shall include freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in the form of art, or through any other media of his choice.[ii] In the British constitutional system, a person is free to do or say as he/she pleases unless otherwise restricted by law. Sir William Blackstone, who was a staunch advocate of an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fundamental rights, and wrote and lectured extensively on the subject in the mid-eighteenth century, stated that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"This liberty, rightly understood consists in power of doing whatever the laws pe rmit[iii]à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It is said that the opinions of Sir William Blackstone carried such sway in jurisprudential circles that they were even felt on the laws and the Constitution of the United States of America[iv]. For instance, documents such as the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Bill of Rightsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in 1791 enshrined, inter alia, fundamental rights such as freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and that one should not be deprived of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s life, liberty or property without due process of lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[v] A more recent example of the above-mentioned rights can be found in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights[vi], and even more recently in the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ECHRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢), which the UK is a signatory to. Some would say that the impact of the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s decision to subscribe to the ECHR, which consequently hands over supervisory jurisdiction to the Strasbourg Court, called into question the fundamental and long standing doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy. Whilst this may or may not be the case, in English constitutional system, Parliament is Supreme, and can, in theory, decide to pass legislation which annuls the ECHR if it so chooses. Sir William Blackstone in the Commentaries on the Laws of England, Vol 1 describes the UK constitutional system as follows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“..the legislature, being in truth the sovereign power, is always of equal, always of absolute authority: it acknowledges no superior on earth..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [vii]. This statement expounds the notion of Parliamentary Supremacy in the English constitutional system. Whilst we do not have a written constitution as such, we do have certain statutes and charters purporting to perform similar functions. The most salient of which are as follows: Magna Carta 1215; The Petition of Rights 1627; and The Bill of Rights 1689. The aforementioned are not statues per se, but are documents embodying the monarchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s acceptance of certain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"demands by Parliament and its peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Albeit these documents are not statutes, they do have statutory force, but do not essentially concern the topic under discussion; the freedom of expression. As briefly highlighted above, the constitutional laws of Britain are used in order to restrict liberties that are deemed not to be conducive for public good or the society at large. Such liberties can, and will, only be curtailed to achieve a legitimate aim to ensure the due and just administration of the whole country. It ought to be borne in mind however, that such limitations can only be enforced by law and not arbitrary power. That said, there is a constitutional right to the freedom of expression in England: see Brown v. Cassell Co. Ltd[viii]. Whilst this is the case, as a signatory to the ECHR, the UK is also obliged to comply with the ECHR, which was incorporated into domestic law with introduction of the Human Rights Act 1998.[ix] It is fair to say that the incorporation of the ECHR into UK domestic law has effectively reinforced a UK citizenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to freedom of expression. The extent to how this translates in practice can be illustrated in the case of: Handyside v United Kingdom[x]. At paragraph 49 of its judgment the court said: The courts supervisory functions oblige it to pay the utmost attention to the principles characterising a democratic society. freedom of expression constitutes one of the essential foundations of such a society, one of the basic conditions for its progress and for the development of every manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. This means, amongst other things, that every formality, condition, restriction or penalty imposed in this sphere must be proportionate to the legitimate aim pursued. The above case was a prime example of a set of circumstances where the U K Government deemed it necessary to curtail an individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, Mr Handysideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s, right to freedom of expression. The case involved the publication and distribution of material that was ruled to be contrary to the Obscene Publications Act 1959.[xi] Whilst both the Strasbourg Court and the UK Government undoubtedly hold the freedom of expression in high regard, the appeal was overwhelmingly rejected by the Court; the judges agreeing by majority of 13 to 1 that the UK Governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s laws restricting Mr Handysideà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s freedom of expression were legally sound. Pursuant to Article 10 of the ECHR: 1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This Article (art. 10) shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cin ema enterprises. 2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The above-mentioned Article highlights that, whilst being a fundamental right, the right to freedom of expression is a qualified right by virtue of Article 10 (2), and not absolute. Therefore, when faced with a case of this nature, the Courts are required to undertake the arduous task of attempting to strike a fair and proportionate balance between the freedom of expression on the one side, and curtailing those rights in accordance with Article10 (2) of the ECHR on the other. For instance, a notable case, which was heard in the House of Lords, was the case of Naomi Campbell (Appellant) v MGN Limited (Respondent)[xii], which, as noted by Lord Nichols of Birkenhead (at paragraph 12) concerned: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The familiar competition between freedom of expression and respect for individual privacy. Both are vitally important rights. Neither has precedence over the other.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Following much deliberation, the House allowed the appeal. Lord Carswell, at paragraph 171, saying: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"I would accordingly hold that the publication of the third, fourth and fifth elements in the article constituted an infringement of the appellants right to privacy that cannot be justified and that she is entitled to a remedy. I would allow the appeal and restore the judges order.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ In the not too dissimilar case of Reynolds v. Times News paper Ltd and Other[xiii], the House of Lords had to decide between the following two fundamental rights: freedom of expression and the protection of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reputation. At paragraph 32, Lord Nichols of Birkenhead, stated: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"..any curtailment of freedom of expression must be convincingly established by a compelling countervailing consideration, and the means employed must be proportionate to the end sought to be achieved.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The House, by a 3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2 majority dismissed the appeal. This clearly illustrates the complex and often fine balance that has to be struck between the competing issues in such cases. That said, when faced with a more serious issue, for instance national security, the Lords have illustrated that they will not refrain from curtailing the right to freedom of expression if needs must. In the case of Shayler, R.v [xiv]. Lord Bingham of Cornhill summarized (at paragraph 24) the issues to be decided as fo llows: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"It is on the question of necessity, pressing social need and proportionality that the real issue between the parties arisesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. He further states (at paragraph 26): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The acid test is whether, in all the circumstances, the interference with the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s convention right is prescribed by national law is greater than is required to meet the legitimate object which the state seeks to achieveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..The Official Secrets Act 1989, as it applies to the appellant, must be considered in that context.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ In this case, their Lordships unanimously ruled that Mr Shaylerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to freedom of expression had to be curtailed as the: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ECHR allows restrictions to be imposed upon the right of freedom of expression if, but only if, the restriction is prescribed by law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. (at paragraph 40) It was found in the Shayler case that where the issue of national security was at stake, the freedom of expression was just too high a price to pay. It can be garnered from the above judgments that the Courts have struggled with the competing issues of freedom of expression on one side and the equally valid and opposing issues on the other. In seeking to strike a proportionate balance between the two, the Courts have, in general, endeavored to safeguard the right to freedom of expression, to ensure it remains à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"..one of the essential foundations [in]. society..à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Only when faced with the countervailing issues that just cannot be reconciled if society is to be allowed a margin of appreciation in prescribing suitable laws, to ensure that its interests are protected, is when we find the legislature, and ultimately the courts, ruling that the curtailment of this right ought to be enforced. This illustrates that whilst in our c onstitutional establishment, we enjoy unparallel liberties and freedoms, particularly in relation to the freedom of expression. This fundamental right ought not to be, and is not, permitted without the individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s need to act with some degree of consideration and responsibility for our fellow citizens, to ensure that our freedom of expression does not cross the line of what may à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"offend, shock or disturbà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. As pointed out by Sir William Blackstone, the constitutional make-up of the UK is one which entrusts its citizens with the liberty to act with decorum in society. This is the liberty to bear the personal responsibility of striking a fair balance between freedom of expression on one side, and the parameters which are prescribed by law on the other, rendering the expression unlawful. Where an individual over steps this mark, the Courts, as illustrated, will not hesitate to rule in favour of limiting or censoring the f reedom of expression, by applying and interpreting the law in a manner that achieves the desired outcome of striking a proportionate balance between the competing factors. Article 10 (2) was drafted accordingly to, when necessary, allow member states to restrict the freedom of expression of those who fail to act in a conscientious and disciplined manner. That said, the incorporation of the ECHR into domestic law has reinforced the right to freedom of expression. This is a fundamental right that the Courts have proved that they will endeavour to safeguard as vehemently as they possess the power to do so. It is a right that all citizens of democratic countries, the UK legislature, members of the judiciary and those of the Strasbourg Court, hold in high regard. As noted, at paragraph 52 of its judgment in Vogt v Germany (1995) 21 EHRR 205, the court: ,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.reiterates the basic principles laid down in its judgments concerning article 10: (1) freedom of expression constitutes one of the essential foundations of a democratic society and one of the basic conditions for its progress and each individuals self-fulfilment. Subject to article 10(2), it is applicable not only to information or ideas that are favourably received or regarded as inoffensive or as a matter of indifference, but also to those that offend, shock or disturb; such are the demands of that pluralism, tolerance and broadmindedness without which there is no democratic society. Legislation and case law clearly suggest that the freedom of expression is valued highly, and is viewed as a fundamental right that ought not to be tampered with lightly. However, the case law, in both the UK courts and that of Strasbourg, has evidenced that when faced with a case of this nature, the issues are closely scrutinized to ensure that the right balance is struck for the greater good of democracy. That being the case, the Judges have demonstrated that they are best placed and equ ipped to determine when it is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“necessaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  to restrict the fundamental right to freedom of expression, if it is deemed to be impervious to the customs and laws of the land. Such a judgment is not made lightly however, as noted by Lord Bingham of Cornhill in the Shayler case (at paragraph 23): à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"It is plain from the language of article 10(2), and the European Court has repeatedly held, that any national restriction on freedom of expression can be consistent with article 10(2) only if it is prescribed by law, is directed to one or more of the objectives specified in the article and is shown by the state concerned to be necessary in a democratic society. Necessary has been strongly interpreted: it is not synonymous with indispensable, neither has it the flexibility of such expressions as admissible, ordinary, useful, reasonable or desirable.[xv] GLOBAL WORD COUNT: 2557 Bibliography Text Books: Munro, Studies in Constitutional and Administrative Law, London, Butterworthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s D. Yardley, Constitutional and Administrative Law, 8th Edition, Butterworthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Articles: Sir W. Blackstone, The Commentaries of the Laws of England, Vol. 1 (1765-1769) UK Legislation: Human Rights Act 1998 UK Case Law: Campbell (Appellant) v MGN Limited (Respondent) [2004] UKHL 22 Reynolds v. Times Newspaper Ltd and Other [1999] UKHL 45, [1999] 4 ALL ER 609 [1999] 3 WLR 1010 (28th October, 1999) Shayler, R.v [2002] UKHL 11 (21st March, 2002) Debnath, R. v [2005] EWCA Crim 3472 (02 December 2005) A v B amp; C [2002] EWCA Civ 337 (11th March, 2002) Strasbourg Case Law: Lindon, Otchakovsky-Laurens and July v. France 21279/02 [2007] ECHR 836 (22 October 2007) Case of Handyside v The United Kingdom (Application no. 5493/72) (7th December 1976) Alithia Publishing Company Ltd 17550/03 [2008] ECHR 420 (Application no. 17550/03) (22 May 2008) International/European In struments: European Convention on Human Rights and the Protection of Fundamental Freedoms (1950) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966) Internet Sources: www.unhcr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm https://www.lonang.com/exlibris/blackstone/ 1 Footnotes [i] This is termed the Doctrine of Parliamentary Supremacy. [ii] See Article 19 (2) of the international Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1996).Entered into force on 23 March 1976. [iii] See, Sir William Blackstone, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Vol 1, Sect. 1 (1765 -1769) [iv] See H. G.Hanbury The Vinerian Chair and Legal Education (1958) Ch. III [v] The French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) provides similar rights. [vi] Freedom of expression is recognised under Article 19. Also see, Article 13 of the American Convention of Human Rights and Article 9 of the African Convention on Human and Peoplesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Rights. [vii] Commentaries on the Laws of England, Vol 1. [viii] [1972] AC 1024. [ix] Came into force October 2000. [x] (1979) EHRR 737, 753-755, paras 48-49. [xi] as amended by section 1 (1) of the Obscene Publications Act 1964. [xii] [2004] UKHL 22 [xiii] [1999] UKHL 45, [1999] 4 ALL ER 609 [1999] 3 WLR 1010 (2 8th October, 1999) [xiv] [2002] UKHL 11 (21st March, 2002) [xv] Handyside v United Kingdom (1976) 1 EHRR 737, 754, para. 48.

Division Between The North And South - Free Essay Example

One of the more consistent developments of America at this time was the westward expansion and the growth of the population. Society in the West was more appealing than society in the East. One of the many appealing factors of the West was that is was a democracy. Western states allowed people to vote and they did so to make the West more attractive for immigrants. Soon enough the East feared that they would lose people to the West so the East promised the people with similar democratic freedoms. Westward expansion did imply the expansion of slavery also. Slavery was already being debated across the country and the Northern states were actively voting to end slavery. Slavery was never banned. Slavery was seen as a profitable source to have so slavery grew within the Southern states as did the demand for cotton. This created a fine division between the North and South. New admission of states created controversy and created division within politics. The Missouri Compromise was constructed to create a greater division amongst states. States below the line were slave states and states above, were free states. This seemed to solve the problem for the time being. The growth and development of the West dictated that soon the West would have to elect a president. When John Quincy Adams emerged, the West had to reconsider whom they would elect following the presidency of Andrew Jackson. Jackson had previously really appealed to the Westerners, being a man of the West himself. Jackson was once again voted into office and it upset the traditionalists. Jackson was to be called the peoples president. Not all of Jacksons decisions made him very likable. Jackson initiated another Indian removal which pushed natives out of their homes. The emergence of democracy during the presidency of Jackson added another element to the reason for expansion. Americans believed they had achieved the highest level of government and naturally, the people wanted to share this higher level government. From these ideas, the Manifest Destiny was born. America was claiming new land with the intentions of promoting democracy. The Manifest Destiny changed politics. A democratic party emerged alongside the Whigs. Whigs were not as happy about the expansion as the Democrats were. During the time of westward expansion in the presidential battle were Clay and Polk. Clay, a Whig, denied taking a stand on the issue of expansion, whereas, Polk, a Democrat, was looking to expand. Whigs had a justifiable reason to oppose expansion. Whigs had a fear that expanding would lead to war and conflict. Polk and the Democrats still encouraged expansion. Polk won the presidency and began expanding soon after. Polk did achieve admitting Texas into the Union, but Mexico was still unhappy and troops from the Union and Mexico met at the border to fight it out. Throughout this time in history, legislation and political leaders were always unpredictable. New legislation was being written, voted unconstitutionally, and changed by whoever took office. There is no doubt that Abraham Lincolns presidency was most effective by trying to abolish the number one labor force in the Union at that time. The Nullification Crisis reinforced the division of the North and South which weakened the established two-party systems. The inability of a leader after leader to come to a compromise placed liberty above the Union and weakened the two-party system. The Dred Scott case brought to the peoples attention that Congress had less power than they had thought. The uncertainty and lack of compromise in politics were not beneficial. America was striving to rise up and achieve upward mobility by the addition of new territory. America was developing into a self-made motherhood. Yet, the division of the North and South, the Missouri Compromise, and Manifest Destiny were acts of legislation that weakened the two-party system. The sectional presidencies could not hold the union together and either could the legislation. Presidencies were struggling to create legislation that would hold the Union together. Although America was expanding, it was falling apart.

Picking a Gas Operated Pole Chainsaw for tree pruning.

Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Slabs With...

Flexural Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Slabs with Penetrations Using CFRP A draft By Ehab Emad Fawzy ABSTRACT As the surveying techniques get more advanced day by day, new devices come out introducing more advanced and easy-to-use technologies in the expanding GIS world. Hochschule fà ¼r Tech-nik – Stuttgart (HFT) has recently acquired the new ZEB1 scanner as a new mobile mapping device. This research will discuss the possibilities of using the scanner as a solution for indoor mapping. The main objective is to benefit from GIS capabilities and tools for processing point cloud data.A workflow model is provided for georeferencing and registering point clouds in addition to mapping an indoor area of the school and visualizing the results in 3D. The developed model is designed to achieve these objectives efficiently in one environment with a user friendly interface. Keywords: GIS, Indoor Mapping, ZEB1, Laser Scanner, Point Cloud, RANSAC, Python, Georeferencing, Registration, 3D Model TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT II TABLE OF CONTENTS III TABLE OF FIGURES IV TABLE OF TABLES V 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 BACKGROUND 3 2.1 Non-Civil Engineering Applications 3 2.2 Civil Engineering Applications 3 2.2.1 New Concrete Structures 3 2.2.2 Strengthening Existing Steel-Reinforced Concrete Structures 4 3 FRP MATERIALS 6 3.1 The Constituents 6 3.1.1 Fibers 6 3.1.2 Polymer Resins 8 3.2 Environmental Durability 9 4 INSTALLATION TECHNIQUES 10 4.1 Pre-manufactured Strips 10 4.2 Hand

Money Can Buy You Happiness - 1340 Words

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But, by having the money you need you can go to the gym to get fit and in shape. By doing that you can live a more active life that is exciting and fun. By not eating healthy you can add to the multiplying number of people that are getting obese. More than 1/3 of adults and over 12.5 million children and teen are obese. Most of the people that obese and overweight have severe leg and back pain. So by going to the gym and eating healthy food you can avoid being overweight and being obese. Another point thatShow MoreRelatedMoney Can Buy You Happiness936 Words   |  4 PagesMany people say that money cant buy you happiness, well I don’t find that to be true. Having a large amount of money has become a dream in many peoples lives. Although money can buy you thing you want to make you happy, happiness is only bought by the people you surround your self with. Many people are convinced that money can buy a person happiness, however most happiness comes from families and frien ds. 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Brain Research and Its Influence on Language Development...

Brain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Tasha Maxon Ashford University Language Development in Young Children ECE 315 Pilar Carroll August 23, 2010 Brain Research and its Influence on Language Development and Acquisition Language acquisition is one of the most fundamental human traits, and it is obviously the brain that undergoes the developmental changes (Sakai, 2005, p. 815-819). During the years of language acquisition, the brain not only stores linguistic information but also adapts to the grammatical regularities of language. Recent advances in functional neuro-imaging have substantially contributed to systems-level analyses of brain development (Sakai, 2005, p. 815-819). Perhaps no aspect of†¦show more content†¦The brain encodes the words and actually rearranges its brain cells into connections or networks to produce language (Fleming, Family Life Specialist, 2002). 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Access and Use of Sensitive Information of the Organization

Question: Discuss about the Access and Use of Sensitive Information of the Organization. Answer: Assumptions From the given case study of Farmer for Farmer," it is clear that the organization is going to implement a new wireless communication policy for its different members and stakeholders. It is important for Farmer for Farmer (3F) organization to secure the information for its users. This policy is applied to different workstations, PDAs, servers, software applications used inside the organization. This policy applies to all the staffs, farmers and external users (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). The main objective of this wireless policy is to protect the wireless network of the organization, increase the reliability and improve the utilization of the network by the users. In addition to this, the policy also governs the deployment, administration, and support provided to the organization's wireless network. The following assumptions are made to implement the wireless communication policy. The policy will govern the electronic resources at the organization. The database used by the organization will consist of the details of the farmers and other stakeholders in the whole process (Gartland 2013). The wireless or electronic communication technology is changing with time as the result of it some security and reliability related issues will arise for the organization, to mitigate these questions and provide effective communication between the different stakeholders (Farmers, customers, drivers of the different distribution vehicles). The policy will also govern the network reliability, security of the system, and the support provided to it. It is also assumed that the information security system has some flaws that can be used by the intruders to steal the data from the organization's database (Ng, Lo and Schober 2014). Therefore, to secure and expand its services to the farmers of New South Wales, it is important to assign responsibilities to the users so that the system would not be misused. In addition to this, the policy will be responsible for providing secure and reliable wireless communication network to its different stakeholders. Statement of the purpose The wireless communication policy will help to establish a set of standards or guidelines for the users of Farmers for Farmers for wireless communication (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). Also, it can be said that the, the policy also help the administration to govern the devices which are not physically connected to the organization. The purpose of this policy is to secure the information assets that are owned by Farmers for Farmers. The organization provides work stations, networks and electronic information to achieve different goals and initiatives. Therefore, the standards established by the policy are important to grant access to the different resources of the organization (Baldini et al. 2014). The organization must manage and provide privilege to the users in such a manner that the availability, confidentiality and the integrity of the organizational assets are secured. The policy specifies different conditions that a wireless device must fulfill to connect with the wireless network of the organization. If any exception is made for a specific device, then it is granted by the information security department of the organization (Gartland 2013). Authorized uses Network administrators of the organization have the authority to grant access to a device of a farmer or other stake holders to use the wireless communication network so that they can use it to connect to the internet to order the fertilizers for their crop, track the distribution trucks at the real time. Administrators authorizing individuals to use the network must supervise the individuals in such uses. Other authorized users are executives at the organization who are managing the networks, the quick response team (Whitmore, Agarwal and Da Xu 2015). For these users too, their activities must be supervised so that any possible intrusion can be prevented. For the organization like 3F, the insiders can be a great threat to the wireless communication system. Since this type of threats are hard to distinguish, and they may know the different flaws of the existing infrastructure of the wireless communication system and try to exploit them for their interest (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). They can also interrupt the services provided by the system. In this way, insiders can misuse the information assets of 3F. Since the data which is transmitted through wireless media is more vulnerable to different type security risks and can be intercepted by hackers, therefore, it must be protected from hackers and intruders. Therefore, the users of the network should take responsibility for the security of the network. Like when the farmers or other stake holders should use VPN (Virtual private network) while accessing any private, organizational or financial information in the information system of 3F. Moreover, users should use https (secured connection protocols) while accessing the information system outside the organization (Kalyvas, Overly and Karlyn 2013). Additionally, the personal computers should install firewall softwares to minimize the risk data interception by the hackers. Use of encryption of data while transmitting, use of passwords for using the workstations can help 3F to secure its wireless network. Prohibited uses The unauthorized or prohibited uses are those who are not intended or supported by the organization. Unauthorized users are not involved in the different business process of the organization (Whitmore, Agarwal and Da Xu 2015). These unauthorized users also include the business competitors, intruders or hackers outside the organization. Different risks and threats are related to the unauthorized use of organizations wireless network or information system. As an example, if any intruder or hacker gets access to the wireless network of 3F, then it can alter, or misuse the information that is stored inside the information system. Due to this alteration of data, 3F may have to face huge loss in its business. Like if the data related to distribution process or order from the customer is altered then, the farmers will not get their expected profit from their crop (Ng, Lo and Schober 2014). Different flaws and weaknesses of the information system and wireless communication network are explored by the hackers. After this by using different hacking mechanisms (use of Trojan horses, brute force attacks, spoofing) and tools they can get control over the network and its resources (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). This attacks and unauthorized uses by the un-desired users can result in the unavailability of the system to its users and administrators of 3F. System management The information system used by the organization is new, and the information security policies are to be developed to protect it from different security and external threats (Gartland 2013). The network administrator or system administrator has the sole responsibility to analyze and resolve any type of security issues and concerns. The administrator or system manager must implement control mechanisms so that the unauthorized access and use of the organizational resources can be prevented. For this each whether its farmer, truck driver or other stake holders in the organization must use a unique username and password. This will help the wireless network to authenticate the users (Kalyvas, Overly and Karlyn 2013). This in turn also helps in protecting the confidentiality of the users, as well as organizational data. The maintenance of the implemented policies is considered as a tedious job; at the same time, it is necessary to secure the assets of the organization. Managing the security and credibility of the network:The wireless network must not be used for personal use by the different stakeholders (farmers and distributers). Since the employees or stakeholders may use the network for any criminal activity for which the organization may have to face legal prosecution. To provide a extra level of security it can be suggested that, different access points that are used by the stakeholders and farmers to connect with the network must ask them to provide unique authentication IDs, that is transmitted through the secure channels like SSL (Secured Socket Layer) to prevent the misuses of the network assets and credentials of the users. The wireless network of 3F is used by the farmers and other stakeholders to remote access the organizational database and knowledge base to get required information related to agriculture (Whitmore, Agarwal and Da Xu 2015). Therefore to maximize the effect of the network usage and minimize the impacts of different threats it is important to authorize different connected network devices such as different type of servers (DNS servers, DHCP servers and FTP servers), network gateways to investigate the suspicious data packets getting in or getting out of the organization's network. Violations of policy If any stakeholder or member of the organization is found violating any of the network related policies, then the individual or group of people will be subjected to disciplinary action by the organization. In addition to this, suspension of access to the network can be enforced against them (Baldini et al. 2014). A violation of the policy also includes the negative communication network that may affect the wireless service for others. Any illegal use of the communication system or violation of laws would be referred for civil or criminal prosecution. Misuse or fraud regarded to organizations wireless communication policy would be resulted into progressive or disciplinary action by the organization (Kalyvas, Overland Karlyn2013). In addition to this, termination of membership and criminal prosecution can also be applied to the individual or group of people. The administration of information system and its security is a troublesome task for a system manager or network administrator. Policy reviews and modification Use of wireless technology in the organizations provides a high rate of growth in functional efficiency (Gartland 2013). At the same time, it is always a security reason for organizations like 3F. The reason behind this can be stated as; wireless access points are easiest access points to get control over the organization's network. Also this, it is possible that the encrypted data is intercepted and readable due to the different vulnerabilities of the network devices (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). Hence whenever new network device or user is added to the network, it is important to asses some of the following security issues, a) How secure is the newly implemented authentication mechanism in the context of the 3F. b)The level of security and process of transmission of data using any new encryption technique. c) The SSID (Service set Identifier) of any wireless devices must be configured in such a way that, it does not indicate any information about the organization's departments, personnel or product identifiers (Kalyvas, Overly and Karlyn 2013). d) The policy also states that the portion of the network which directly supports and contains wireless devices must be supported from the part that does not support wireless devices (Whitmore, Agarwal and Da Xu 2015). Since the part of the network which does not contain or support wireless devices considered as more secured than another part. Limitations of liability The access to the wireless communication network is available for free to the different stakeholders like farmers, workers at distribution centers employees, etc. By using this service, they acknowledge that the service does not pose any kind of liability to 3F (Gartland 2013). For any kind loss of profit, loss of business, data; the organization is not liable in any form. No technical support will be provided to the users who are trying to access the wireless communication network of the organization. The 3F also reserves the right to intercept, monitor and disclose any kind of information that is transmitted using their wireless network. Also, the organization holds the right to disclose or provide user records and other related information under some specific circumstances. Justifications Organizations like 3F are relying on the different information technologies like wireless communication technology to increase the effectiveness and profitability of the business (Horvath, Dixler and Shaughnessy 2012). Therefore 3F needs to secure its exclusive business data from different type of security threats. It is important to prevent its network from intruders and protect the business data from public disclosure, destruction, and alteration. In addition to this nature and extent to which the organization is liable for any fraud is not predictable, therefore to survive in this competitive market 3F should set a limitation of liability(Kalyvas, Overly and Karlyn 2013). This will help the organization (3F) from being accused by the users for their own losses due to the use of the wireless network. References Baldini, G., Karanasios, S., Allen, D. and Vergari, F., 2014. Survey of wireless communication technologies for public safety.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,16(2), pp.619-641. Calloway, T.J., 2012. Cloud computing, clickwrap agreements, and limitation on liability clauses A perfect storm. Duke L. Tech. Rev.,11, p.163. Feng, D., Jiang, C., Lim, G., Cimini, L.J., Feng, G. and Li, G.Y., 2013. A survey of energy-efficient wireless communications.IEEE Communications Surveys Tutorials,15(1), pp.167-178. Gartland, J.J., 2013. Limitation of Liability and the Seaplane.St. John's Law Review,16(2), p.2. Ho, C.K. and Zhang, R., 2012. Optimal energy allocation for wireless communications with energy harvesting constraints.IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,60(9), pp.4808-4818. Horvath, R., Dixler, T. and Shaughnessy, M.L., Motorola Mobility, Inc., 2012.Method and apparatus for increasing the performance of a wireless communication system. U.S. Patent 8,194,572. Kalyvas, J.R., Overly, M.R. and Karlyn, M.A., 2013. Cloud computing: a practical framework for managing cloud computing riskpart II.Intellectual Property Technology Law Journal,25(4), pp.19-27. Kuzlu, M., Pipattanasomporn, M. and Rahman, S., 2014. Communication network requirements for major smart grid applications in HAN, NAN and WAN.Computer Networks,67, pp.74-88. Ng, D.W.K., Lo, E.S. and Schober, R., 2014. Robust beamforming for secure communication in systems with wireless information and power transfer.IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications,13(8), pp.4599-4615. Whitmore, A., Agarwal, A. and Da Xu, L., 2015. The Internet of ThingsA survey of topics and trends.Information Systems Frontiers,17(2), pp.261-274.

Develop Workplace Policy and Procedures for Sustainability free essay sample

As now that in this current economic climate is centred heavily around sustainable practises and the impacts on the environment. The policy is the start of a journey for WCC in which it will address this challenge of embedding the consideration of sustainability into all areas of council’s decision making, processes, planning, reporting and its operations. This policy includes three components which are: * Environmental * Social * Economic The significants and main objective of this report is simply to establish ways that will help the WCC implement a sustainability policy. This report will outline the benefits/recommendations of a sustainability policy, indicators of how to best communicate the policy to all stakeholders (internal and external), procedures that will ensure the improvement in resource efficiency, methods that will track and monitor the process of this sustainable policy implementation. Thus this report will outline the importance of a new sustainability policy in which will be the best way to move onward and upward into the future. Benefits of a Sustainability Policy Planning and Policy Impact: A sustainability policy will assist council to comply with the requirements of the Local, State amp; Federal Governments legislations which requires that councils to have regard to the principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development within all of its Decision-making processes. The policy and its procedures will allow councils to be better equipped for the any proposed changes to in Local Government Planning and change of Legislation currently being drafted. This also aims to strengthen strategic focus, planning and reporting processes for councils. The policy will be aligned with the proposed mandatory themes of social, environmental, economic and governance. Also without a change to better sustainable practises the WCC will be at risk of losing benefits from the state government. Currently the state government is requiring institutional change of its grant recipients and it is unlikely that the WCC will continue to receive such grants if it does not change to a more sustainable means to meet this requirement. Ecological Sustainability: The development and implementation of the policy would assist WCC to meet its ommitment to sustainability. The Sustainability planning and reporting framework and associated action plan will assist WCC to plan and report on its activities across the quadruple bottom line of environmental, social, economic and governance considerations. Financial Impacts: The integration of the recommended policy can be undertaken within council’s existing budget or through opportunities for external fundi ng at either a local or regional level. Another significant factor is the savings on power, electricity, and resources in the long run. Risk Assessment: Simply no risks have been identified. By providing tools for the consideration of sustainability in all aspects of WCC processes, this project has the potential to enhance WCC’s risk management processes. Methods of Consultation/Communication of the policy WCC have a wide range of key stakeholders, thus continual engagement with these stakeholders is an absolute must. As is why there is a need for a variety of methods to be put in place in order to have continual consultation with all levels of stakeholders. WCC must engage staff of levels including Executive, senior and middle management groups as well as other staff from various departments. Methods of Consultation will include: * Regular work group meetings * One local and one regional workshop WCC, facilitated by external company experts in implementation and training in Sustainability Policies. * One on one interviews * One on one meetings * Informative project presentations * Ongoing email, memo and phone correspondence. As stated previously an internal memo (See appendix A) that will be sent out to all the key stakeholders of WCC. The memo will inform the key stakeholders that there is a push for a new sustainability policy to be implemented, give them an option to view the proposed policy and who they will need to contact. It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. Set of Procedures that will Ensure Improvement in Resource Efficiency The goal for WCC is that Wollongong will become a community that can feel the future with confidence due to its: * An adequate and renewable supply of resources * A strong social fabric * A healthy environment And that the continual improvement in these three areas will help the WCC preserve and strengthen all forms of life for the long term, both locally and globally. That is why the WCC’s sustainability policy shall include the following Procedures to help ensure improvement in resource efficiency: Everyday Offices: Use of Recycled materials e. g. paper will now be bought from a recycling company. * The use of electricity will be cut down significantly with the installation of solar panels on roof tops of all major office buildings. Solar power will assist in the use of all electrical products such as computers, printer, lights (when needed) scanner, fax machine and even kitchen appliances in tea rooms etc . * Water tanks will be installed and the recycled water will be used in activities such as watering of plants and flowers, cleaning and even be used for toilets and other flushable needs. Environment: Protect and improve water, air, and soil quality: In all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * control its actions, and the actions of others over which it has influence, to prevent further damage to air, water and soil resources; * take all reasonable action to restore air, water and soil to as close to their natural state as is possible Social: Ensure all services, facilities and community amenities are accessible to everyone in all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * Insure a comparable level of access for all people to services, facilities and community amenities and communicate to the community the availability of these resources * Identify community needs and values as a basis for ensuring a minimum standard of appropriate service delivery to the community; * Co-operate and partner with other organisations in the provision of services, facilities and community amenities * Improve the accessibility of public transport. Economic: Use resources efficiently and responsibly in all its operations and activities both internally and externally Council will take all reasonable steps to: * minimise its use of resources such as energy, water, petroleum, construction materials and office materials * increase the use of renewable resources as a percentage of all materials used * Factor in the environmental and social as well as financial costs of projects, plans and strategies. Methods Used to Track amp; Monitor Continuous Improvement Several steps should be put into place in order to track and Monitor Improvements and other possible situations with the Sustainability policy. * Records will be compared in 12months to in order to map the potential and very likely savings of the policy. * A mapping system to monitor record and observe the usage of power, water and material water being consumed. Observation and monthly meetings to help identify improvements that the policy has successfully implemented and also to identify any defects or problems that may has also arisen from the implementation so that these may be fixed promptly and changes be made quickly and effectively to further prompt sustainability within the WCC. NOTE: There will be two ways and steps in which the records and mapping system methods of monitoring will operate. There will initially be a hard copy used to first write down information and data followed to be backed in a soft copy format, however the soft copy will be more detailed the specifics and have more information of the success of these implementations. Conclusion In the road ahead a series of questions need to be asked: * Where are we now? * Where we are currently headed? * Where do we want to go? * How do we get there? * How are we going? Now that there is this need for a more sustainable future entering the current economic climate which is centred heavily around sustainable practises and the impacts on the environment. Organisations must be Sustainable in order to meet the needs of the present demand. It is being environmentally friendly to help reduce such things as pollution, water wastage, electrical use, resource waste and ultimately clear the path for a cleaner future, not to mention the clear saving benefits and grants available to â€Å"green† organisations. That is why it is heavily recommended that the Sustainability Policy and its procedure be put in place so that the WCC can do its part in ensuring a cleaner future. PART2: Wollongong City Council Sustainability Policy The following consideration of the importance of environmental sustainability and a commitment to be a benefit to the whole of Wollongong, Wollongong City Council is an organisation with responsibilities to represent and serve the community which supports it. Long term sustainability is a recognised objective of the community and Council has an obligation to show leadership and commitment in the achievement of sustainability objectives. Wollongong City Council will safeguard the economic, social and environmental well-being of present and future generations. It will do this through careful planning and decision-making that aims to avoid any harmful local and global effects of its actions. HOW WILL THE WCC KEEP THIS COMMITMENTON GOING IN THE LONG RUN? Environment a) Protect and improve water, air, and soil quality; b) Protect and expand habitat for all forms of life; and c) Work in harmony with natural ecosystems. Social a) Improve the well being of all people; b) Ensure services, facilities and community amenities are accessible to all people; and c) Encourage people to participate constructively in the community. Economic a) Use resources efficiently and responsibly; ) Help reduce the impacts of poverty; and c) Encourage a strong local economy. WCC will comply with all relevant legislation and the regulations for sustainability, and also strive to achieve international best practice for the Wollongong area. We have appointed Mr T. Stark, Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites as the Sustainabilit y Co-ordinator, who has responsibility for ensuring ongoing environmental performance, identification of environmental risks, recording and monitoring of impacts and implementing environmental and social sustainability. Special considerations will be given to employing and empowering the local staff and wherever efficient and environmentally sustainable, products and services will be sourced locally. We encourage staff to present our commitment to environmental and social sustainability, and our status under the Green Globe programme to our guests, suppliers, contractors, agents and wholesalers. An internal memo (See appendix A) that will be sent out to all the key stakeholders of WCC. The memo will inform the key stakeholders that there is a push for a new sustainability policy to be implemented, give them an option to view the proposed policy and who they will need to contact. It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. Signed: Name: Mr. Tony Stark, Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites. Date: 20th September 2012 NOTE: This policy is a public document to be on display, a copy may be given to anyone. The organisation invites staff, guests and the community to suggest ways to further achieve best practice environmental and social sustainability. This policy will be reviewed by the end of 2013 and subsequently every year. PART3: 12 Months Progression Report This report is a follow up of the previous report. The sustainability policy was successfully implemented into Wollongong City Council (WCC). The following report addresses the success and any concerns with the sustainability report implemented just over 12months ago. As a result the statistics support the implementation of the policy. Water use in offices has been significantly reduced with the installation of 4 large water tanks, a further 10 industrial sized water tanks we installed in the Botanical Gardens. The Tanks are used for water to flush the toilets, water on ground gardens as well as water and maintain the Gardens of the Botanical Gardens. Water Usage has been successfully minimized by a staggering 30%. This was significantly minimized within the first 3 months, with the average water consumption minimizing by 100 litres per day. This proves that the instillation of the new water tanks has been a major sustainable change throughout the departments within the WCC. Electricity has also been reduced throughout the WCC buildings. The use of solas panels has proved to be success. It has seen the reduction of electricity used almost cut by 28%. The figures suggest that the sustainability policy has been nothing but successful for the WCC. As WCC is the local council they are taking a leading role and becoming a bench mark for the rest of our local community in sustainability thus making the way for a more sustainable future. However a few recommendations have been identified to simply improve on current procedures. These recommendations include sustainability report reviews. It is hopefully that recommendations such as this will help form part of a new initiative called the Sustainability Policy road map which will be developed to assist integration of this as well as many other Policies into the WCC’s operations. This action plan will include specific timeframes and opportunities for partnerships to implement the actions. Appendix A Wollongong City Council â€Å"City Of Innovation† TO: All Stakeholders FROM: Mr Tony Stark (Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites) DATE: 19th of September 2012 SUBJECT: Implementation of Sustainability Policy This memo is to inform all Stakeholders within Wollongong City Council that there has recently been a sustainability policy implemented. There will be a copy of the policy for all Stakeholders to read available to them on the WCC intranet. It will also be It will be also be made readably available as it will be placed on public exhibition in all Wollongong Local Government Areas for a period of no less than four weeks, in accordance with Council’s Community Engagement Policy. If anyone has any inquiries please do not hesitate to contact me during office hrs on the Human Resource Department contact number listed in our internal phone book or by email at anytime. Sincerely Yours Signed: Mr Tony Stark (Head of WCC’s environmental Conservation of parks and Aquatic land sites)

Miss Brill\\\\s Fur symbol Essays - Miss Brill, Brill, Fur People

Miss Brill is a lonely, old English school teacher and spends every Sunday alone at the park watching people. She brings her fur collar she put life into by brushing it and making it new again. She makes fun of all the other older people at the park but eventually a younger couple makes fun of her. Feeling down about their remark she goes home, puts the fur away and hears a crying. The fur is symbolic to Miss Brill?s youth and confidence. The fur is cherished by Miss Brill who addresses it as ?Dear little thing? and speaks to it as if it is alive (117) this is illuminating her loneliness. The fur gives her a sense of self confidence, when stated ?She had taken it out of the box that afternoon,? it is stating that she had taken her self-confidence out of the box that afternoon, giving her a feeling of comfort and self-assurance (117). She then ?give[s] it a good brush, and rub the life into the dim little eyes (117),? in terms of this she is bringing herself alive. The fur makes her no longer see herself as lonely or dead but gives her a sense of acceptance. The fur was originally out dated and weird but when she put life into it by brushing it; it made the fur new again. The effect of using the fur as a symbol of confidence is to reveal Miss Brill?s delight and life that was brought out in the fur. Miss Brill uses the fur as part of bringing her back into her youth. Miss Brill brings the fur out of the box while the fur brings her into a state of bliss and gives her a sense of entitlement. Miss Brill feels superior to all the other old people in the park when she judges them by making remarks of how ?They were all odd, silent, nearly all old from the way they stared (118)? even though she is in close similarity to these older park goers. The only thing that?s differentiating her and others is her fur bringing her youth and confidence back. She assumes that ?they?d just come from dark little rooms or even-even cupboards (118)? because of how out dated and weird they look. Later the young girl says It?s her fu-fur which is so funny,? (120),? throwing Miss Brill out of her state of bliss into a harsh reality that she is also out dated and weird. When Mi ss Brill ?climbed the stairs, went into the little dark room-her room like a cupboard (121)? this is relating back to when she thought the other older park goers belonged there. She had no realization until now of how people perceived her and how she belonged there as well. Upon her realization her heart was shattered, crushed and her youth was brought down. While Miss Brill physically, ?put[s] the lid on? the box after laying her fur in, she is emotionally locking her confidence away. Then ?she thought she heard something crying (121),? this is not the fur crying but Miss Brill crying because her self-confidence was torn down by the young couple that was making fun of her.

College Essay Topics That Will Improve Your GPA

College Essay Topics That Will Improve Your GPATopics essays require some thought and research. By first preparing a broad range of topics and narrowing the focus down to just a few, you will have a list of topics that you can consider. If you are short on time, it may be easier to write them all yourself. However, if you are confident in your writing skills, you may be able to let a professional do the work for you.Before you begin, make sure that you have lots of ideas and that each idea is both novel and original. The most important thing when preparing a topic for a college essay is that the topic is appropriate. You may have a major problem or an issue that affects the entire student body, but not every topic is applicable. Some subjects may prove to be less interesting and thus, controversial.It is also important to decide what the topic is. Your topic should be a personal one that relates to your interest in the subject. Make sure that the topic is brief and interesting.Some s ubjects are more difficult than others because of certain factors. However, you may not be able to talk about all of these factors on the test. It is better to be prepared so that you can focus on a subject that may be much more important to the question. You may want to avoid topics that are too broad and open ended.Another way to come up with an interesting topic is to make use of the internet. There are many websites that feature different topics that you can consider. Visit each website and see what they have to offer. Once you decide on your topic, spend time researching the topic in the hope that it may lead to a topic that is not widely known or used. Once you narrow down your search, it will become easier to narrow down your topic of choice.Now that you have narrowed down your list of topics, you should start to consider each topic in depth. Once you have chosen a topic, you should sit down and consider the pros and cons of your topic. Once you understand what the pros and c ons are, you will know whether or not you want to submit your topic.Once you have decided on a topic, write it out. It is important to write each topic word for word. By writing each of the topic in its entirety, you will have a more effective essay.Finally, when you have all of your drafts written, take the time to polish them. Practice proofreading each draft and editing them until you are satisfied with their quality. It is also important to use spell check to ensure that the writing flows properly.

MacBeth and Feminist Theory

MacBeth and Feminist Theory Free Online Research Papers In MacBeth, we see a dramatization of man versus woman. It is, in fact, easy to view MacBeth as the victim of women; Lady MacBeth’s towering ambition, as well as the victim of the witches’ bad intentions. In support of this, Sigmund Freud suggested, as cited in Dr. Caroline Cakebread’s essay, â€Å"MacBeth and Feminism,† that Lady MacBeth’s singular raison d’etre is to overcome â€Å"the scruples of her ambitious yet tender-minded husband†¦ She is ready to sacrifice even her womanliness to her murderous intention†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, the feminist point of view seems to dismiss the notion of Macbeth as the victim of these multiple feminist plots, reminding us that it was he, MacBeth who killed Duncan, and Lady MacBeth who was left to sort out the mess. This male v. female power struggle is further intensified when viewed through the feminist lens, owing to the fact, described by Janet Adelman, that â€Å"In the figures of MacBeth, Lady MacBeth, and the witches, the play gives us images of a masculinity and femininity that are terribly disturbed.† (92). A feminist theory approach might have one interpret â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† as a clarion to the sexual ambiguity in the text. As Marilyn French points out re: the witches, â€Å"They are female, but have beards,† in itself pointing to the gender ambiguity in the play. (91). French goes on to suggest deeper issues with regard to gender roles in a male dominated society when she notes of women, â€Å"They are aggressive and authoritative, but seem to have power only to create petty mischief.† This all seems to suggest that the witches represent members of a society, (read here: women) characterized as having no true power, and with a penchant for wrongdoing. Lady MacBeth’s wish to shed her sexual identity, as seen through the â€Å"unsex me here† line, stamps an even greater importance on the notion that traditional male qualities alone are of any worth and may equate to the realization of any real power. This is demonstrated early on in the play, as we witness MacBeth’s being accorded various praise and rewards for his manly deeds on the battlefield (â€Å"brandished steel†¦ bloody execution†¦ and fixed his head upon our battlements.† (Act 1, scene 2, 16-23). It is no wonder, then, that Lady Macbeth is willing, if not eager to lose her femininity in favor of political power. The imagery she invokes in order to make this point clear: â€Å"I have given suck†¦ dashed the brains out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1.7.54-58) crosses a boundary line in the male/female topography. It suggests that while MacBeth and his male friends have, presumably, on the battlefields, committed all manner of horror (homicide, genocide), that Lady MacBeth’s matricide speech paints her as the most evil of all, ultimately suggesting woman to be more evil than man. In the end, women are removed from any position of power in the tale. Ladies MacBeth and MacDuff are both dead. Even MacDuff, the last man standing, is a man not â€Å"of woman born (4.9.94). In this way, a feminist reading of MacBeth might net the idea that true tragedy here has to do with the treatment by men of women, and more specifically, man’s mistreatment of woman. MacBeth and Psychoanalytical Theory For Sigmund Freud, one’s actions are motivated by unconscious desires. The identification of these unconscious desires, or, repressed emotional states, can help one discover her motivations. Lady Macbeth, according to Isador Coriat, is â€Å"but a victim of a pathological mental dissociation†¦ and is due to the emotional shocks of her past experiences. Lady Macbeth’s is a typical case of hysteria; her ambition is merely a sublimation of a repressed sexual impulse, the desire for a child based upon the memory of a child long since dead.† (86) The notion that one of literature’s most famous villains can now be viewed as a victim is supported by this approach. (This might make for an interesting staging in, oh, let’s say Vienna or Los Angeles, but for me, eliminating the idea of her criminality, seems a bit problematic in that there can be no descent into â€Å"madness† if one begins there, but that’s just me all over. Back to the business at hand, then†¦ According to Karin Thomson, in her essay on MacBeth entitled â€Å"Psychoanalitical Criticism,† MacBeth expresses his fear and horror after Duncan’s murder, but Lady MacBeth represses her feelings as witnessed in the line â€Å"These deeds must not be thought† (2.2.30). She also supposes that Shakespeare himself understands and gives nod to the â€Å"damage caused by repressed emotion,† as witnessed when Malcolm says to MacDuff â€Å"Give sorrow words: the grief that does not speak whispers the o’er fraught heart and bids it break.† (4.3.208-210). For her part, Lady Macbeth reveals her true self only in unconscious states - in her sleep/while sleepwalking. According to the psychoanalytical approach, Lady MacBeth’s sleeping/somnambulistic personality must be her true one, as the unconscious is, by design, uncensored. Haunted by the deeds to which she has attached herself while awake, and tormented by her guilt by that which â€Å"cannot be undone,† her escape has only one route - death. Adelman, Janet. Born of Woman: Fantasies of Maternal Power in MacBeth. New Casebooks: Macbeth. London: Macmillan, 1992. Chomsky, Noam. The Responsibility of the Intellectuals. American Power and the New Mandarins. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969. 256-90. Rpt. In The Chomsky Reader. Ed James Peck. New York: Pantheon, 1987. 59-82 Coriat, Isador. The Hysteria of Lady Macbeth. 1912. Shakespearean Criticism. Ed. Laurie Harris, and Mark Scott. Vol. 3. Detroit: Gale Research Incorporated, 1986. 219-223. French, Marilyn. Shakespeare’s Division of Experience. London: Abacus, 1981 Orwell, George. Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool. Collected Essays. London: Secher and Warburg, 1961. 415-34 Research Papers on MacBeth and Feminist Theory19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesResearch Process Part OneCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionMind TravelAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionThe Fifth HorsemanWhere Wild and West Meet

Ancient Chinese Culture

The fertile banks of the Tigris, Euphrates and the Indus rivers have produced a rich civilization in the Middle East and India, but the same happened in the Yellow River in China. Civilization and Mesopotamia, the civilizations of Jalapa and Mohenzodaro are not mentioned in the outside world. Yellow River Civilization not only reflects the development of the other two civilizations, it also contributes to its own unique civilization. Communication with West Asia and South Asia of China's geographical location - Qinghai - Tibetan plateau in the west and Takayama in the Gobi desert in the north is difficult. Ancient Chinese culture has a history of more than 5000 years. China's cultural history has very diversity and diversity. Exquisite Chinese civilization is rich in arts and science, exquisite painting and printing technology, exquisite ceramics and sculptures. The architectural tradition of China is highly appreciated all over the world. Chinese and literature, philosophy and polit ics are still considered to have strong influence. Only after Western culture emerged in the middle of the 19th century, Chinese culture succeeded in maintaining its unique identity. Prehistoric Japanese culture began to be influenced by ancient Chinese culture thousands of years ago. One consequence of these effects is the implementation of the land split grill system that existed for a long time; the ancient place name and field boundaries of the system can still be traced. Chinese writing and many other Chinese developments have been introduced for centuries; for centuries the writing system has gone through many modifications as it does not fit in Japanese . Buddhism began in India and was revised in Central Asia, China and Korea before reaching Japan in the 6 th century - and it had a great influence on Japanese culture life, Buddhism was changed from its pioneering form with time It has developed. Similarly, China's urban design was introduced in the layout of the ancient capi tal of Nara and Kyoto, but the island had no spread.